Pyridinium electrolytes are promising candidates for flow-battery-based energy storage1,2,3,4. However, the mechanisms underlying both their charge–discharge processes and overall cycling stability remain poorly understood. Here we probe the redox behaviour of pyridinium electrolytes under representative flow battery conditions, offering insights into air tolerance of batteries containing these electrolytes while providing a universal physico-chemical descriptor of their reversibility.
Associative pyridinium electrolytes for air-tolerant redox flow batteries