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[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"This material has been funded by UK aid from the UK government via the Transforming Energy Access programme; however, the views expressed do not necessarily reflect the UK government's official policies. This database has been prepared by NIRAS-LTS led BSEAA2 consortium under contract to the Carbon Trust. NIRAS-LTS accept no liability whatsoever to any third party for any loss or damage arising from any interpretation or use of the information contained in this report, or reliance on any views expressed therein."]
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["Database Technology Value Chain Country Combinations"]
["No.","Feedstock","Feedstock Category (Based on FAO)\nPRIMARY","Feedstock Category (Based on FAO)\nSECONDARY","Feedstock Category (Based on FAO)\nTERTIARY","Technology","Type of AD system","Primary Energy Vector","Feedstock supply","Energy demand","Target demand sector LEVEL 1","Target demand sector LEVEL 2","Target demand sector LEVEL 3","Location","Focus country (SSA)","Region","Project developer/owner/entity","Technology provider","Tech provider type (AD)","Capacity","Status","Brief Description of the project","Financed by","Link"]
[1,"Spent tea waste from soluble tea factory","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Lagoon","Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Tea","Saosa estate, Kericho","Kenya","East Africa","James Finlay Kenya","\"SB Midi\" Multi Batch Lagoon Digester from Sauter Biogas (Germany).  EPC contractor AKUT Umwelt, with Erwin Köberle (Biogaskontor) and Tara Consult","European","160 kWe/170 kWth","Operational","The biogas plant was developed to: 1) generate power for the estate’s internal grid; 2) supply heat for pre-processing applications in the tea factory and to heat the digester itself; and 3) generate slurry as fertilizer for the tea plantations. Other factors contributing to the economic viability of the plant (with a five year payback period) are the availability of free feedstock, avoided costs of waste disposal and investment deduction tax allowances at 150%. Operating up to 22 hours per day, the current plant can potentially generate almost 1,300 MWh of electricity per annum. Replacing synthetic fertilizer with digestate probably represents the largest economic benefit for Finlay, though no actual values for power, heat or digestate were available.","James Finlay Kenya (parent company-Swire). Capital cost (incl installation) ws $2m, 5 yr payback at 18% IRR.","http://www.finlays.net/biogas-brilliance/\nhttp://www.akut-umwelt.de/en/referenz/finlay-chp-biogas-plant/\nhttp://www.sauter-biogas.com/references/"]
[2,"Dedicated Napier Grass; possibly residue sugarcane tops later","Purpose grown/novel feedstocks","Crop-harvesting residues",null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Complete mix","Electricity+Heat","Disaggregated","Local cluster","Industry","Heavy industry","Sand mining","Thorny Park farm, Mandini, KwaZulu-Natal","South Africa","Southern Africa","Planning & Cost Engineering Services (Pty) Ltd, for Sucropower","Modular AD units from South African technology developer iBERT ('Biogas Express Reactor Technology'), originally developed by Innsbruck University.","South African","18 kWe plus 32 kWth","Abandoned/shut down","The project was a partnership between Sucropower and a sugar cane farmer near Mandini, Northern KwaZulu-Natal. But it is located some distance from the sugar cane so they planned instead to feed it with a combination of purpose-grown Napier Grass, to produce biogas which was going to be used to generate electricity, hot water, fuel (biogas-vehicle fuel, heating and cooking) and fertilizer to enhance the viability of the sugarcane farming operations. The power project is intended to provide power to adjacent quarry and sand mining operations as well as a planned tea tree oil distillery,as well as to benefit the members of the local community with the creation of jobs and downstream business opportunities. At the time of the visit, they had decided to focus on methane upgrading for vehicle fuel, plus CO2 production. But it was all in the planning as the plant was not yet commissioned. With a high proportion of donor grant, a rural location away from any obvious raw material or demand centre, it was not clear whether this was really a viable enterprise. Since the 2017 visit, Nic Bennett and Errol Watt have been looking for investors for a residential community on the adjacent land, with a larger biogas plant. It does not seem to have been funded yet.","EEP (55% cofinancing). Total project cost around ZAR 7.2 M (USD 0.55 M)","http://www.ibert.co.za/reference/sucro-power-mandini/\nhttp://eepafrica.org/portfolio-item/sa9089/\nhttp://www.sucropower.co.za/thorny-park-demonstration-plant/\nhttp://www.sucropower.co.za/wp-content/uploads/EZULWENI-DEVELOPMENT-PROJECT-SUMMARY.pdf"]
[3,"Sawdust/Agri and forestry residue","Wood processing residues","Wood harvesting residues","Crop-harvesting residues","Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Manufacturing","Wood","Ofosu, Ondo State","Nigeria","West Africa","Quintas Renewable Energy Solutions","Quintas Renewable Energy Solutions. Local Nigerian supplier","Local with imported components","500 kW","Status unclear","Quintas who manufacture steam turbines in Nigeria) was developing a 500 kW biomass power plant which will take advantage of Ofosu community’s agricultural and forestry residue, including sawdust from the four sawmills in the area, which have an abundance of sawdust and currently rely on expensive diesel to power their mills. The power plant will include a steam turbine, generator, and gasifier with combustor--with electricity being paid for through pre-paid meters. Part of Power Africa financed projects in 2014. Unclear if it actually got built though. ","Power Africa","https://static1.squarespace.com/static/564bee8de4b05dd815f0baa0/t/57f2a4925016e1442f91b526/1475519636892/Power+Africa+External+Briefing+Sheet+9-27-16.pdf\nhttp://www.quintasenergies.com.ng"]
[4,"Agri/forestry residue","Wood harvesting residues","Crop-harvesting residues",null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity","Disaggregated","Local cluster","Industry","Unclear","Unclear","Sokoban, Ashanti","Ghana","West Africa","Kwamoka Energy (Kumasi Waste to Power Project)\nIn partnership with: ECOWAS, KNUST, German International Development Cooperation, Prolignis Energie Consulting)","Not clear from available literature",null,"6 MW","Planned","Status unclear. Planned project with ECOWAS and GIZ. Plan to use unutilized wood and ag waste. Substation 400m from project site. ",null,"http://kwamokaenergy.com/projects/the-kumasi-waste-to-power-project/"]
[5,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Eston, KwaZulu-Natal","South Africa","Southern Africa","Illovo Sugar (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd","Not clear from available literature",null,"5 + 3.5 MW","Operational",null,null,"http://www.afd.fr/webdav/site/afd/shared/PORTAILS/SECTEURS/ENERGIE/pdf/RECP-synthese-bioelectricite-2012.pdf"]
[6,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Noodsberg, KwaZulu-Natal","South Africa","Southern Africa","Illovo Sugar (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd","Not clear from available literature",null,"5 + 8 MW","Operational",null,null,"http://www.afd.fr/webdav/site/afd/shared/PORTAILS/SECTEURS/ENERGIE/pdf/RECP-synthese-bioelectricite-2012.pdf"]
[7,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Pongola, KwaZulu-Natal","South Africa","Southern Africa","RCL Sugar (Pty) Ltd. ","Not clear from available literature",null,"5+2+1+0.5 MW","Operational",null,null,"http://www.afd.fr/webdav/site/afd/shared/PORTAILS/SECTEURS/ENERGIE/pdf/RECP-synthese-bioelectricite-2012.pdf"]
[8,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Sezela, KwaZulu-Natal","South Africa","Southern Africa","Illovo Sugar (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd","Not clear from available literature",null,"8+5+6 MW","Operational",null,null,"http://www.afd.fr/webdav/site/afd/shared/PORTAILS/SECTEURS/ENERGIE/pdf/RECP-synthese-bioelectricite-2012.pdf"]
[9,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Umzimkulu, KwaZulu-Natal","South Africa","Southern Africa","Illovo Sugar (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd","Not clear from available literature",null,"4+1.5+3.75 MW","Operational",null,null,"http://www.afd.fr/webdav/site/afd/shared/PORTAILS/SECTEURS/ENERGIE/pdf/RECP-synthese-bioelectricite-2012.pdf"]
[10,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Darnall, KwaZulu-Natal","South Africa","Southern Africa","Tongaat Hulett Sugar South Africa Ltd","Not clear from available literature",null,"2 x 6.5 MW","Operational",null,null,"http://www.afd.fr/webdav/site/afd/shared/PORTAILS/SECTEURS/ENERGIE/pdf/RECP-synthese-bioelectricite-2012.pdf"]
[11,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Felixton, KwaZulu-Natal","South Africa","Southern Africa","Tongaat Hulett Sugar South Africa Ltd","Not clear from available literature",null,"3 x 10.5 MW","Operational",null,null,"http://www.afd.fr/webdav/site/afd/shared/PORTAILS/SECTEURS/ENERGIE/pdf/RECP-synthese-bioelectricite-2012.pdf"]
[12,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Maidstone, KwaZulu-Natal","South Africa","Southern Africa","Tongaat Hulett Sugar South Africa Ltd","Not clear from available literature",null,"2 x 7.25 + 6 + 2 MW","Operational",null,null,"http://www.afd.fr/webdav/site/afd/shared/PORTAILS/SECTEURS/ENERGIE/pdf/RECP-synthese-bioelectricite-2012.pdf"]
[13,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Komati, Mpumalanga","South Africa","Southern Africa","Formerly TSB (Transvall Sugar Board) now owned & operated by RCL Foods South Africa.","Not clear from available literature",null,"2 x 10 MW","Operational","The project originally consisted of two twinned estates, Komati, being the largest and Malelane being smaller (and now primarily for packaging). It was founded by during the apartheid period by the Transvaal Sugar Board (TSB), and operated with technical assistance from Booker-Tate (UK), as was their other sugar factory in Eshwati (formerly Swaziland) called the RSSB (Royal Swazi Sugar Board). The technology consists of two bagasse-fired synchronous generators. TSB was bought out by RCL Foods, South Africa.","Originally TSB, now RCL Foods one of South Africa's largest diversified food corporation. ","http://www.afd.fr/webdav/site/afd/shared/PORTAILS/SECTEURS/ENERGIE/pdf/RECP-synthese-bioelectricite-2012.pdf"]
[14,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Malelane, Mpumalanga","South Africa","Southern Africa","Formerly TSB (Transvall Sugar Board) now owned & operated by RCL Foods South Africa.","Not clear from available literature",null,"12+8+6.4 MW","Operational","The project originally consisted of two twinned estates, Komati, being the largest and Malelane being smaller (and now primarily for packaging). It was founded by during the apartheid period by the Transvaal Sugar Board (TSB), and operated with technical assistance from Booker-Tate (UK), as was their other sugar factory in Eshwati (formerly Swaziland) called the RSSB (Royal Swazi Sugar Board). The technology consists of two bagasse-fired synchronous generators. TSB was bought out by RCL Foods, South Africa.","Originally TSB, now RCL Foods one of South Africa's largest diversified food corporation. ","http://www.afd.fr/webdav/site/afd/shared/PORTAILS/SECTEURS/ENERGIE/pdf/RECP-synthese-bioelectricite-2012.pdf"]
[15,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Union Co-op","South Africa","Southern Africa","UCL Company (Pty) Ltd","Not clear from available literature",null,"3.75+1.9 MW","Operational",null,null,"http://www.afd.fr/webdav/site/afd/shared/PORTAILS/SECTEURS/ENERGIE/pdf/RECP-synthese-bioelectricite-2012.pdf"]
[16,"Sisal waste, mango residues, cattle slurry (ratio of 14:3:2)","Agri-processing residues  ","Livestock wastes",null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Complete mix","Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Manufacturing","Fiber-based products","Kilifi","Kenya","East Africa","Biogas Power Holdings (East Africa); (Joint venture of Kilifi Plantations Ltd and the German companies agriKomp and Schnell Zündstrahlmotoren)","agriKomp GmbH. Experimentation and technical advice from the equipment supplier and Nairobi-based consultant Guenther Haustedt","European","150 kWe (2 x 75kWe gas engines)","Operational","Biogas Power Holdings (East Africa) Ltd was set up to generate power from biogas for sale to KPL, on whose land it is installed. The power is sold to KPL while heat captured from the engine cooling system is used to keep the digester at 32-40oC. The digestate is given free to KPL as fertilizer. Biogas Power Holdings sells the electricity to KPL at KES 16/kWh (USD 0.15/kWh). This compares with a grid tariff of KES 18-22 kWh (USD 0.17-0.21/kWh)and  is therefore cheaper than grid power. Grid feed-in is less attractive than sales to KPL as the Kenya Power FiT is only US$ 0.10/kWh (KES 10.3) - and in any case a minimum output of 200 kW is required for a power purchase agreement. The company was in the advanced stages of commissioning a larger biogas plant in 2017. In the upgraded system, heat from the engines was to be used to pre-heat water for KPL’s milk pasteurisation plant, reducing the need to use the firewood-fuelled boiler that currently does the job. This expansion however did not go ahead. This project served as the 'Bioenergy Case' for the sisal sector and is extensively profiled and studied in this demand sector report. ","KES 40 million (USD 600,000) with 50% co-funding from GIZ (via agriKomp).  ","https://energypedia.info/wiki/Biogas_Plant_-_Sisal_cum_Cattle_Farm_in_Kilifi,_Kenya\nhttps://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/downloads/2013-en-kothanikkel-waste-to-energy-in-kenya.pdf\nUNIDO-GEF document (in Grey literature folder)\n"]
[17,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Gledhow, KwaZulu-Natal","South Africa","Southern Africa","Gledhow Sugar Company (Pty) Ltd (70% ownership) & Illovo Sugar (30% ownership)","Not clear from available literature",null,"6.45+5+2.75 MW","Operational",null,null,"http://www.afd.fr/webdav/site/afd/shared/PORTAILS/SECTEURS/ENERGIE/pdf/RECP-synthese-bioelectricite-2012.pdf"]
[18,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Amatikulu, KwaZulu-Natal","South Africa","Southern Africa","Tongaat Hulett Sugar South Africa Ltd","Not clear from available literature",null,"3 x 4 MW","Operational",null,null,"http://www.afd.fr/webdav/site/afd/shared/PORTAILS/SECTEURS/ENERGIE/pdf/RECP-synthese-bioelectricite-2012.pdf"]
[19,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","?","South Africa","Southern Africa","Tongaat Hulett Sugar South Africa Ltd","Not clear from available literature",null,"12 MWe","Operational","MB: Tongatt-Hullett is not a sugar factory - it is the name of the company that owns four sugar factories/mills in South Africa (Maidstone, Amitkulu, Felixton and Darnall Sugar Factories (see: http://www.huletts.co.za/ )",null,"http://www.afd.fr/webdav/site/afd/shared/PORTAILS/SECTEURS/ENERGIE/pdf/RECP-synthese-bioelectricite-2012.pdf"]
[20,"120,000 t per year of organic waste (cattle dung)","Livestock wastes",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Complete mix","Electricity","Aggregated","Local cluster","Industry","Manufacturing","Automotive","Bronkhorstspruit, Tshwane Metropolitan area","South Africa","Southern Africa","Bio2Watt","Combigas ApS (Denmark) supplied the biogas technology. Constructed by South African engineering firm Bosch Projects. ","South African","4.6 MW","Operational","Bio2Watt is a waste-to-energy company that focuses on industrial scale biogas projects. Bio2Watt built the first commercially viable biogas project in South Africa, the Bronkhorstspruit Biogas Plant, which it owns and operates.The Bronkhorstspruit plant is situated in a cattle feed yard that uses ~20,000 t of organic waste per year and started supplying electricity to the grid in 2015. The power is being sold to a nearby BMW factory under a 10-year power purchase agreement (“PPA”).","Govt. grant, loan from Industrial Dev't Corporation, equity investors (Bio2Watt, Norfund, ChloroPhyll, Bertha Foundation, EPC contractor-Bosch Holdings)","https://www.combigas.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Case-Story_Bio2Watt_South-Africa-CS12091802.EN_.pdf\n\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moUsxjOFvYU&feature=youtu.be\n\nhttp://www.sanea.org.za/CalendarOfEvents/2016/SANEALecturesCT/Mar16/GlenThompson-Bio2Watt.pdf\n\nhttp://www.bio2watt.com/bio2watt%E2%80%99s-bronkhorstspruit-biogas-plant-(pty)-ltd.html"]
[21,"Palm oil mill effluent","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Lagoon","Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Palm oil","Kwae","Ghana","West Africa","Ghana Oil Palm Development Company","Biotec","European","126 kWe","Operational","  GOPDC extracts and refines crude palm oil and palm kernel oil at Kwae in the Eastern region of Ghana. It is Ghana’s largest palm oil company and owns two industrial plantations at Kwae and Okumaning, where it manages approximately 8,000 ha of oil palm on its own estates and supports 7,000 out-growers to cultivate an additional 13,700 ha. GOPDC generated 195,137 m3 of POME in 2019, from the processing of 138,184 t of FFB. The palm oil mill effluent (waste water) is harnessed for biogas production. Two 1000m3 biogas plants produce about 18000m3 /day biogas for heat and steam generation for the refinery plant processes. The biogas displaced 910,012 litres of diesel that would otherwise have been required for the low-pressure boiler to generate steam for the refinery. This project served as the 'Bioenergy Case' for the palm oil sector and is extensively profiled and studied in this demand sector report. ",null,"http://energycom.gov.gh/files/Biogas%20-%20What%20works%20for%20Ghana.pdf;\n\n http://energycom.gov.gh/rett/documents-downloads?download=173:baseline-study-of-renewable-energy-technologies"]
[22,"Cattle dung","Livestock wastes",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Lagoon","Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Farming","Farming","Dairy","Darling, Western Cape","South Africa","Southern Africa","Uilenkraal dairy farm","Cape Advanced Engineering","South African","2 x 200 kWe","Operational","Uilenkraal is a total mixed ration  dairy cattle feedlot located 20 km north of Darling, Western Cape. In 2013, the farm owners went into partnership with Cape Advanced Engineering Ltd (CAE), to install an AD system fed with cattle manure and wash water for CHP production. In 2020, the plant's gas generators were operating at as little as 44% of their potential and only met 72% of the electricity demand for the farm’s dairy, animal-feed milling and crop irrigation activities. As a by-product, the plant also produces high-quality biofertiliser. The plant could have produced far more had regulations been in place to enable on-farm generators to feed surplus electricity into the national grid at prices reflective of the renewable technology’s ability to dispatch power into the network over peak periods. This project served as the 'Bioenergy Case' for the dairy sector and is extensively profiled and studied in this demand sector report. ","Willem & Paul Basson (commercial dairy farmers). Uilenkraal owns 2⁄3, while Cape Advanced Engineering are 1⁄3 owners","http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/print-version/cape-biogas-power-plant-breaches-15-gwh-milestone-but-far-more-possible-2015-08-14\nhttp://www.ibert.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/GreenCape-Biogas-Business-Case-Final-v12-with-cover2.pdf\nhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/11/2984/pdf\nhttp://www.cae.co.za/Projects/"]
[23,"Cattle dung, poultry waste and crop residues","Livestock wastes","Crop-harvesting residues",null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Plug-flow","Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Farming","Farming","Dairy","Jesa farm, Busunju village","Uganda","East Africa","Centre for Research in Energy and Energy Conservation (CREEC), Makerere University",null,"Local with imported components","unknown","Status unclear","Pilot under project 'Rural Electrification in Uganda - Improving access to modern types of energy' at Makerere University. Assumed to be a non-mixed basic biodigester. Not clear if it actually went ahead. This project had five pilot plants with different renewable energy technologies, which were (will be?) implemented by CREEC? One of these pilots is a biogas digester. ","Uganda National Council for Science & Technology","https://greenheatug.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/2012-06-29-specification-of-the-msi-biogas-system.pdf"]
[24,"Cattle dung","Livestock wastes","Crop-harvesting residues","Municipal-byproducts","AD+Reciprocating Engine","Plug-flow","Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Local cluster","Buildings","Buildings","Residential","Rije Community, Kuje Area Council, Abuja","Nigeria","West Africa","Ajima Farms, General Enterprise Nigeria Ltd., Eco-Watts","Not clear from available literature","Local with imported components","20kWe","Operational","Waste-2-Watt (W2W) is a renewable energy project generating 20 kW of electricity distributed via mini-grid to approximately 550 individiduals in the rural off-grid community of Rije, Abuja. W2W focuses on converting agricultural waste (poultry, livestock, crop waste) and communal waste (kitchen and human wastes) into electricity, cooking fuel using a bio-gas digester for off-grid farming communities. The W2W solution is unique as it’s not just focused on energy generation but also on waste treatment, energy efficiency and clean cooking technology. This is a necessary combination to achieve overall gains in reducing energy poverty in rural communities. ","$150,000 Beyond-the-Grid Initiative grant through US African Development Foundation (USADF).","http://e4sv.org/nigeria-biogas-offers-agricultural-communities-energy/\n\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tyr4YvYZXB0\n\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RfBsS7qSA88"]
[25,"Cattle dung + other wastes","Livestock wastes",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Complete mix","Trigeneration (electricity+heat+cooling)","Aggregated","Grid export","Energy conversion","Grid","Electricity","Malmesbury, Western Cape","South Africa","Southern Africa","Cape Dairy with Bio2Watt\nEPC Contractor (Anaergia), MATTLA Engineering Solutions (technical advosiry)","Bio2Watt","South African","4.8 MW","Planned","Second installation by Bio2Watt in SA. Pre-feasibility commenced late in 2010 with the signing of an exclusivity agreement with the farm owner. It was submitted to the Renewable Energy IPP program under the Expedited RFP 11 November but is not known to have gone ahead.","Loan from Industrial Dev't. Corporation, investors (Bio2Watt, Norfund, Public Investment Corporation), EEP","http://www.bio2watt.com/bio2watt%E2%80%99s-cape-dairy-biogas-project.html"]
[26,"Cattle dung + latrine waste","Livestock wastes","Municipal-byproducts",null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Plug-flow","Electricity","Aggregated","Local cluster","Buildings","Buildings","Commercial","Appolonia","Ghana","West Africa",null,null,"Local with imported components","12.5 kW","Abandoned/shut down","Idea was to produce electricity for streetlights, schools, social centres and HHs. Massive project hailed as a trail blazer but failed due to: 1. Failure to include local community during planning process; 2. Absence of dung; 3. After Ministry withdrew support, local community also distanced themselves.","Ministry of Energy","http://s3.amazonaws.com/zanran_storage/energycenter.knust.edu.gh/ContentPages/106866899.pdf"]
[27,"Water hyacinth and cow dung","Livestock wastes","Purpose grown/novel feedstocks",null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Plug-flow","Electricity","Aggregated","Local cluster","Industry","Agro-food","Rice milling","Ssese Islands","Uganda","East Africa","FACT Foundation and GRS Commodities","GRS Commodities sourced the digester bag from Albers Alligator (Netherlands) and biogas generator via EDC Tanzania (from Weifang Chaoran Gas Power Co., China)","Local with imported components","12 kW","Abandoned/shut down","Plug-flow digester system. Water hyacinth and cow dung supplied in return for slurry. Electricity used for charging batteries and rice milling (7.5 kW rice mill).  It seems like the project fell apart due to lack of clear ownership and responsbilities. Though project has high environmental and socail benefits, there was a problem with the design- feedstock supply, skills to maintain equipment and economic viability. ","FACT Foundation (50%), University of Wageningen (25%), 5-year loan agreement (25%)","http://www.snv.org/public/cms/sites/default/files/explore/download/snv_fact_productive_biogas_2014_final.pdf\n\nhttp://www.oegandadag.nl/2013/content/5-pillars/sustainable-energy/fact-foundation/\nhttp://www.uwasnet.org/Elgg/file/download/5766"]
[28,"Fruit waste","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Unknown","Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Fruit-processing","Bapsfontein, Gauteng","South Africa","Southern Africa","Bakkavor t/a Spring Valley Foods",null,"South African","unknown","Abandoned/shut down","Demonstration project with a timeline duration of 6 months. Not clear if if went ahead. Now closed. Spring Valley Foods was bought out in Jan 2014 by In2food Group.","EEP","http://eepafrica.org/portfolio-item/sa5030/"]
[29,"Avocado skins, stones, pulp and process water","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Complete mix","Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Fruit-processing","Murang’a","Kenya","East Africa","Olivado EPZ Ltd.","Self-built by in-house expert sourcing materials from various providers","Local with imported components","410 kWe (~300 kWe and ~100 kWe for the larger and smaller generator)","Operational","Olivado  operates an avocado processing plant in Murang’a County in Kenya. The waste disposal challenge, together with Olivado’s commitment to become carbon positive by 2022, prompted interest in setting up an AD plant to convert its avocado residues to biofertilizer, and in the process generate heat and power for the factory operations as well as upgraded biomethane for use in the company’s vehicle fleet. \nOn site, both digesters are operational and with very good raw biogas yields (64%-65% CH4). Successfully installed and commissioned our purification plant yielding a methane content of 94%-97% CH4. Also successfully compressed biomethane into cylinders at 150 bar. Biomethane bottling to be used for vehicle fuel substitution (own use). In the process of detailing the final layout for the vehicle filling station. This will be firstly vehicles for staff transport, followed by small trucks for avocado picking. \nHave faced some additional challenges with the used generators. Engines were configured for grid-parallel installation. However have overcome these issues , successfully running the large generator and heat exchange. Also developing solid fertiliser and foliar spray products from the digester effluent. Looking at a technology for utilising the generator exhaust heat for cooling. This project served as the 'Bioenergy Case' for the horticulture sector and is extensively profiled and studied in this demand sector report. ","AFD-Chase Bank SUNREF credit line. German DEG grant and a results based contract with UNIDO (GEF-5)\n","https://www.olivado.com/the-story/kenya\nhttps://www.sunref.org/en/projet/impacting-lives-by-turning-avocado-waste-into-green-energy/\nhttps://www.olivado.com/blog/factory-kenya-sustainable-practices"]
[30,"Poultry waste/litter","Livestock wastes",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Plug-flow","Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Farming","Farming","Poultry","Papalanto, Ogun State","Nigeria","West Africa","McNichols poultry farm","Avenam Linkes using own biogas system, with Chinese gas storage bags","Local with imported components","5.5 kWe (potential for 15 kWe)","Status unclear","Avenam Links International is probably Nigeria’s leading indigenous developer of biogas systems. A contract was secured in 2016 with the owner of McNichols Consolidated Farm to install a biogas system at the company’s poultry operation The farm houses around 13,000 layers that generate 1,300 kg/day of manure. The installation of a biogas plant in May 2017 promised to rid the farm of this troublesome waste, whilst also supplying electricity for the farm’s water pumps and lights. The site had no grid power connection and depended entirely on a generator.","Fully financed by McNichols Consolidated Farm (farm owner)  Total investment to date has been NGN 12 M (USD 37,000) and payback time is expected to be 2.5 years. ","http://www.avenamlinks.com/index.php/references2/"]
[31,"Sisal waste and wash water","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Complete mix","Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Manufacturing","Fiber-based products","Hale, Tanga Region","Tanzania","East Africa","Mkonge Energy Systems for Katani Ltd., at Hale Sisal Estate","BioEnergy Berlin ","European","2,200 m3, 2 x 150 kW","Operational","The sisal is grown by 1,270 smallholder farmers on plots (within Katani’s land) that range in size from 6 to 200 ha. They sell their sisal to Katani for processing at one of the company’s ten decortication plants. Electricity used by the factory in Katani Ltd. Hale Estate and fed into the grid. This is a pilot plant and the first in the world to convert sisal waste to biogas. Site was visited during Phase 1 and more details in Phase 1 country case study reports. However, the plant is under-performing and has not been continuously operational for over four years.\n\nReplication of this successfully piloted technology is, thus far, constrained by two major factors. The first factor is that the preferred substrate (i.e. sisal waste produced by hammer mill) is not readily available because the adoption of the hammer mill technology is, itself, limited by the lack of established markets for the short fibre. There are indications that new developments, such as the use of short fibre in composites for low cost housing and in furniture making, may offer promising prospects for short sisal fibres. Katani Ltd. is currently in the process of modifying/adapting the traditional decorticator to provide waste material that would be comparable in quality to that produced by the hammer mill. The second factor limiting the replicability of the proven sisal biogas production technology is the lack of \"reasonably\" priced financing.","In 2006, Katani benefitted from USD 1.5 M in support from the UN Common Fund for Commodities (USD 928,000), UNIDO (USD 226,00) and the Government of Tanzania (USD 350,000) to set up a biogas plant ","https://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/downloads/2016-en-kabengele-opportunities-challenges-biogas.pdf\nhttps://open.unido.org/api/documents/4788675/download/PRODUCT%20AND%20MARKET%20DEVELOPMENT%20OF%20SISAL%20AND%20HENEQUEN.%20BIO-ENERGY%20FROM%20SISAL%20WASTE.%20PROJECT%20COMPLETION%20REPORT-ADDENDUM%20B.3.%20COMMON%20FUND%20FOR%20COMMODITIES%20PROJECT%20CFC-FIGHF-07%+AF3720(23496.en)\n\nhttps://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/13671839.pdf\nhttps://commonfunds.sharepoint.com/_layouts/15/guestaccess.aspx?docid=0a05652b91cb34ba083859e980a63f8b5&authkey=ASTPF8PHsBr1j-RTO2vhyYY"]
[32,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Wonji","Ethiopia","East Africa","Wonji-Shoa sugar factory","Not clear from available literature",null,"31.15 MW","Operational",null,"640 million USD loan from the Indian government for the extension of the cogeneration units","http://etd.aau.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/12059/1/Asaye%20Mebratu.pdf"]
[33,"Abattoir waste","Livestock wastes",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Complete mix","Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Local cluster","Industry","Food-processing","Abattoir","Keekonyokie, Kajiado County","Kenya","East Africa","Keekonyokie slaugherhouse company (KBL); supported by Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute (KIRDI).","Possibly Reecon (local Kenyan company ) using basic concrete underground dome design. ","Local with imported components","20 kWe","Operational","Originally intended to deliver electricity for a refrigerating storage house. The system has an adapted diesel engine for dual fuel use and a 20 kWe generator. it has twin biogas plants of 124 M3 each, with a connection of having only one expansion chamber and a single pump agitator. The gas was connected to a storage bag at a pressure of 2 cm water column. From the storage bag, the gas was piped to the modified generator. Later on, there was an additional component to package the Biogas in Cylinders. Also a compressor was acquired for the cold room. While waiting for this option to work, the gas was piped to 6 local restaurants that would pay every end of month for the gas. 3 stabilization ponds were constructed to further treat the waste from the biogas plants. At present, the plant is operating at 40%  capacity due to old age and modifications undertaken by different technicians over time.  All the gas produced is used to heat water for use in the slaughter house. No gas being sold as the pipework was destroyed by road construction. \nThe gas compression and bottling inititive finaced by KCIC has failed and no work is ongoing. Existing equipment only removes water  leaving a high 60% content of unwated gases (methane, CO2 and others). Compressor untit is also undersized.  Plan is  to put up a new 1,000m3 plant to generate electricity for sale to KPLC or locals as well as gas to nearby businesses. ","Community own-generated funds; WB's Kenya Climate Innovation Centre","https://energypedia.info/wiki/Biogas_Plant_Projects_in_the_Agricultural_Sector_of_Kenya_-_KUT_Umweltschutz_Feasibility_Studies\n\nhttps://www.climatecolab.org/contests/2015/rural-resilience/c/proposal/1320138\n\nhttp://www.reuters.com/article/us-kenya-biogas-idUSKBN0KK06U20150111 ; "]
[34,"Abattoir waste","Livestock wastes",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Plug-flow","Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Food-processing","Abattoir","Dagoretti, Nairobi","Kenya","East Africa","UNIDO, in collaboration with UNEP, Kenya Industrial Research & Development Institute (KIRDI) and Dagoretti abattoirs association","Not known","Local with imported components","10 kWe","Abandoned/shut down","Pilot plant and generator system installed by KIRDI, UNDP and UNIDO to provide electricity and hot water as proof of concept and in response to an environmental situation petitioned by NEMA who had threatened to close the slauther houses if the waste was not handled properly. Used part of the waste generated from one of the 4 abattoirs in Dagoretti. 40 m3 of biogas was produced daily which was sufficient to run a 10 kWe generator for 6 hours.\nThe pilot biogas power plant was installed in 2010 and it was running in good condition until 2013. From 2013 onwards, issues such as digester leakage, gas burner and pump failure occurred and hence the power plant was shut down.\n","Slaughter owner, UNIDO and UNDP. ","Email/interview (UNIDO?)"]
[35,"Market organic waste, abattoir waste, latrine waste, food industry waste","Livestock wastes","Municipal-byproducts",null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Complete mix","Electricity","Aggregated","Grid export","Energy conversion","Grid","Electricity","Ashaiman, Greater Accra","Ghana","West Africa","Safi Sana International","Nujhuis Industries (Netherlands)","European","96 kWe (120 kVA)","Operational","The aim was to convert three streams of bio-wastes to electricity and fertilizer, solving a waste disposal problem while generating revenue from sales of power and digestate. The exhaust heat was not used. Power from the engine was fed directly to the mains grid under a Power Purchase Agreement that sees Safi Sana earning 17.5 US cents/kWh, possibly the most generous Feed-in Tariff in Africa and comparable with subsidised European rates. The project was conceived as a pilot site to demonstrate the technology and business model.  It is the first grid-connected biogas plant in Ghana and only the second in West Africa. The Safi Sana plant has the potential to be a commercial success based on Ghana’s generous Feed-in Tariff. Avoided waste disposal, heat and digestate would also need to be valorised to deliver a viable project. In order to fully cover costs of depreciation, operation and maintenance, multiple income streams are key.","Funded with around €2 M from the African Development Bank, the African Water Facility and the Ghana Netherlands Wash Programme","http://www.safisana.org/projects/safi-sana-factory-1-ashaiman/"]
[36,"Vegetable processing waste","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Complete mix","Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Vegetables","Gorge Farm, Naivasha","Kenya","East Africa","Tropical Power UK (for Biojoule Kenya)","Snow Leopard (technology), GE (gas boiler), component suppliers include IET Siemens, SAR GMBH, BioG and Paulmichel.","European","2 gas engines: 1.3 MWe/1 MWth + 1 MWe /1 MWth (rated combined engine size is 2.8MWe, but due to altitude of 2,100m actual capacity is 2.3MWe)","Operational","The plant is located in Gorge Farm which is an 800ha vegetable farm. It includes an AD plant manufactured by Snow Leopard, a gas boiler from GE, key components from IET Siemens (switchgear and transformers), SAR GMBH (instrumentation and control systems), BioG (material handling) and Paulmichel (agitators and stirring equipment). It is one of the largest biogas plant in Sub-Saharan Africa outside South Africa at 2.3 MWe. The plant was developed to provide multiple economic benefits:\n1. Power for the Veg Pro agricultural operation;  2. Surplus power sales to the national grid; 3. Slurry for Veg Pro to substitute for synthetic fertilizer; and 4. Heat for the digester and a surplus sold to warm the neighbouring greenhouses\nAccording to project developers, the original plan has been largely modified to improve digestion of the biomass by including roses which has improved gas production by 20%. Most of the automation has been removed to reduce O&M costs .","It is understood to be owned 50:50 by Tropical Power and Bharat and Umang Patel, who also own Veg Pro, giving the feedstock provider a vested interest in the project’s success.","http://www.tropicalpower.com/projects/gorge-farm-energy-park/\n\nhttps://www.clarke-energy.com/2015/tropical-power-launches-energy-park/"]
[37,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Grid export","Energy conversion","Grid","Electricity","Mumias","Kenya","East Africa","Mumias Sugar Company Ltd. (MCSL)","Avant Garde Engineers &\nConsultants (P) Ltd of India",null,"35 MW","Operational","Leading sugar manufacturer. The technology employed for the Mumias Cogeneration Project is using the conventional steam power cycle involving direct combustion of biomass (bagasse) in a boiler to raise steam, which is then expanded through a condensing extraction turbine to generate electricity. Some of the steam generated is used in the sugar plant processes and equipment, as well as MSCL's ethanol plant. They supply 25MW of electricity generated to the national grid in Kenya. Initial PPA was take-or-pay, but changed to take-and- pay  in Dec 2017 as the plant was struggling to deliver the full capacity. ","USD 20 million project investment","http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=MSC.NR; https://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/DB/TUEV-SUED1193228673.11/view\nhttp://www.climatetechwiki.org/technology/biomass ; https://cdm.unfccc.int/filestorage/B/G/W/BGWZR0OX7YE4Q95SPA3LT2HK16D8VJ/MSC_MONITORING%20REPORT_120229.pdf?t=UXl8cTE0djJyfDDrtC7zxHVozueHCy-Gd8-t; \nhttp://www.christianaid.org.uk/images/low-carbon-africa-Kenya.pdf \nhttp://www.gnesd.org/-/media/Sites/GNESD/Publication-pdfs/Bioenergy-theme/afrepren-ben-final-report-review-kenya.ashx?la=da&hash=CE2F198BDA9C9C43613E61D3D3977C3E7C4FDA35"]
[38,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Muhoroni","Kenya","East Africa","Muhoroni Sugar Company","Bureau Veritas India Pvt. Ltd.",null,"6 MWe","Planned","MUSCO had intended to upgrade the then existing cogeneration system  through rehabilitation of boiler units ad  installation of a back presure turbo generator. The project woud result in a generation capacity of 6 MW. Feasibility undertaken  by MUSCO while  CDM application undertaken  by Pioneer Carbon (Tom Owino) ","TO be funded under the Clean Development Mechanism","https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=19&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjP-Yub8LTSAhWpJcAKHQGvBK04ChAWCEcwCA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.certipedia.com%2Fsecure_area%2Fquality_mark_documents%2F7041%3Flocale%3Den&usg=AFQjCNE0y5EmbDZaPKWo7Kq6NcdMAUFbrQ&bvm=bv.148073327,bs.1,d.d2s"]
[39,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Mtibwa","Tanzania","East Africa","Mtibwa Sugar Estate",null,null,"2.5MW+1.5MW+9MW","Operational","The plant consists of 3 steam boilers, 2 sets of back-pressure turbo-alternators, and a turbo generator. A total of \"10GWh of electricity is generateded during the production season\". Electricity produced is used in-house + 4GWh imported from TANESCO (Tanzania Electric Supply Company)",null,"https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:352935/FULLTEXT01.pdf"]
[40,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Kagera","Tanzania","East Africa","Kagera Sugar Limited",null,null,"2 x 2.5 MW","Operational",null,null,"https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:352935/FULLTEXT01.pdf"]
[41,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Chemelil","Kenya","East Africa","Chemelil Sugar Company",null,null,"5.5 MW","Operational","Government owned sugar factory that produces electricity by incinerating bagasse. A 1 MW connection with the grid enables the factory to export electricity to its own households.",null,"http://common-fund.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/Technical/Technical_Paper_No._12.pdf"]
[42,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Msolwa, Kilombero, Morogoro","Tanzania","East Africa","Kilombero Sugar Company Ltd (KSCL) (55% ownded by Illovo International (South Africa), 25% by Govt of Tanzania & 20% ED&F Man (UK))","Not known",null,"2 x 3 MW","Operational","Sugar was introduced and grown on a small-scale in the Kilombero Valley in the mid-1960s. Holdings were consolidated and the first Kilombero sugar factory. Factory production declined significantly in the 1980s and 1990s. It was privatised by the Tanzanian Government in 1998 and Illovo (South Africa) bought the majority shareholding (55%) in 1999. The factories were rehabilitated from 2001 to 2004. A third factory is planned by Illovo to begin construction in 2000. Kilombero produces some 40% of Tanzania's sugar. The power generated is used in the factory, for factory administrative building, for employees' housing, for factory guest facilities, distributed to company outgrowers, and, during peak production, exported to TANESCO on the national grid.","Rehabilitation of Kilombero was financed by Illovo South Africa, iFC, AfDB and National Bank of Tanzania.","https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:352935/FULLTEXT01.pdf; https://www.landesa.org/wp-content/uploads/KSCL-Tanzania-Case-Study-FINAL.pdf "]
[43,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Ruembe, Kilombero, Morogoro","Tanzania","East Africa","Kilombero Sugar Company Ltd (KSCL) (55% ownded by Illovo International (South Africa), 25% by Govt of Tanzania & 20% ED&F Man (UK))","Not known",null,"1.2 MW + 2 x 800 kW","Operational","See previous entry. Later, as area under cultivation expanded, the sister Kilombero 2 (now known as K2 Ruhembe)  factory was built in 1980. ","Rehabilitation of Kilombero was financed by Illovo South Africa, iFC, AfDB and National Bank of Tanzania.","https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:352935/FULLTEXT01.pdf; https://www.landesa.org/wp-content/uploads/KSCL-Tanzania-Case-Study-FINAL.pdf "]
[44,"Maize silage + cow dung (later stage)","Crop-harvesting residues","Livestock wastes",null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Complete mix","Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Local cluster","Industry","Agro-food","Mix","Gulu District","Uganda","East Africa","MPPL Renewable Energy Ltd (Bangalore, India)","MPPL (India) presumably to provide AD system. GE Jenbaucher engine was also planned.","Indian plus Eurpoean manufactured components","1 MWe + 600 kWth","Planned","Aimed at providing electricity and thermal energy for 3 small industries, a school, a health clinic, a prison and >700 households.  Three industries: a briquette plant, an drip irrigation company and a cold storage/milk chiller/processing plant will receive electricity. \nThe main objective of the project is to improve the income of people in Gulu District through the introduction of sustainable energy and agricultural production, which will generate energy for a 1063 kW gas engine, producing over 8.3 million kWh/ year. This will give year round access to electricity and thermal energy for three small industries, a school, a health clinic, a prison and over 700 households. The project will facilitate an annual production of 20,000 ton of maize silage, which will provide the necessary input to the 1063 kW generator, which will produce over 8.3 million kWh/year.\n","€ 2,984,980 total cost. Some or all was to come from Daey Ouwens Fund for Small-Scale RE Projects. ","http://english.rvo.nl/sites/default/files/2013/12/Biogas%20from%20digestion%20-%20Uganda%20-%20MPPL%20Renewable%20Energy%20Pvt.Ltd_..pdf\n\nhttps://www.africa-energy.com/database/gulu-biomass"]
[45,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Kakira","Uganda","East Africa","Kakira Sugar Factory",null,null,"4 MW","Operational","The Kakira Sugar factory, eastern Uganda, has a rated capacity of 3,000 tonnes of cane per day and an installed capacity of 4 MW of electricity.  In 2005, Kakira had two 20 bar steam-driven turbo-generators (3 MW + 1.5 MW) in addition to 5 diesel standby generators. Thereafter, two new boilers of 50 tonnes per hour steam capacity at 45 bar-gauge pressure, with all necessary ancillaries such as an ash handling system, a feed water system and air pollution controls (such as wet scrubbers and a 40m 30 high chimney) were installed. There was a 2004-2008 expansion which included: Two new boilers of 50 tonnes per hour steam capacity at 45 bar-gauge pressure, with all necessary ancillaries such as an Ash Handling System, a Feed water System and Air Pollution Controls (such as wet scrubbers and a 40m high chimney).\n",null,"https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=17&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjGw_L41LfSAhUJJcAKHT3tDnw4ChAWCCowBg&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegef.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fproject_documents%2FCOGEN%252520Revised%252520proposal.doc&usg=AFQjCNEosJnMN1r1qORRCk8TQPkGPTBQ1Q&bvm=bv.148441817,d.ZGg\n\nhttp://www.kakirasugar.com/?q=content/power-co-generation\n\n"]
[46,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Kinyara, Masindi District","Uganda","East Africa","Kinyara Sugar Factory",null,null,"7.5 MW","Operational","Kinyara Sugar Works Limited (KSWL) is Uganda's second largest sugar producer averaged over 100,000 tonnes per year since 2015. After closing in 1984 during a period of major civil strife, Government of Uganda obtained World Bank funds to rehabilitate the company starting in 1993. It was privatised in 2006 with the Government of Uganda selling its last shares to Rai Holdings Ltd. (Mauritius-based) in September 2011. It has both estate with some 700 workers and some 2,000 outgrowers. KWSL has an installed capacity of 14.5 MW, exporting 4.5MW to the Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Ltd (UETCL). Sales to the grid have declined over the past several years to approximately 1 MW capacity (7800MWh in 2017). ","AFD (France), KfW (Germany), African Development Bank. East African Development Bank. ","https://books.google.ie/books?id=76AeDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA247&lpg=PA247&dq=Kinyara+Sugar+Works+Ltd.&source=bl&ots=JBYj0kALfV&sig=ACfU3U2FAh5mxV-bv0Iiw-yyZ2F80r5ggQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjY_OLl1a7nAhUSQkEAHZamBsI4MhDoATAJegQICRAB#v=onepage&q=Kinyara%20Sugar%20Works%20Ltd.&f=false ; "]
[47,"Discarded wood: coconut palm, trees, bushes, off-cuts, etc. ","Forest and plantation wood",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity","Disaggregated","Grid export","Energy conversion","Grid","Electricity","Ng'ombeni, Mafia Island","Tanzania","East Africa","Kisiwa Farming Ltd.","Spanner Re²",null,"25kW (to be scaled up modularly based on demand)","Operational","Kisiwa Farming Ltd. is a joint venture between the owners of Ng’ombeni Coconut Estates Ltd. and EnergiDrop, a South African company, to generate electricity through gasification of coconut wood chips for own use and sale to TANESCO.  The new project will supply electricity from a bioenergy CHP gasifier to an oil press for extracting virgin cold-pressed organic coconut oil (with a capacity of 1,000 litres per month sold mainly into the local market), a sawmill/wood processing facility (30 kW when operational). Excess power will be exported to the island’s grid (TANESCO) to offset the diesel consumed by their diesel generators. A gas turbine has been the technology choice of Kisiwa Farming, whose aim is to generate electricity for self-consumption and build up the system modularly to sell power into the isolated Mafia Island grid based on demand. Their starting investment in a 35 kW plant has recently been commissioned. However,  it remains to be seen if their novel approach based on gasification proves to be economically and operationally viable, given the known challenges around gas quality with this technology.","Apart from own equity, the project has obtained a retrospective grant contract from a UNIDO/GEF project ","https://www.atmosfair.de/en/climate-protection-projects/biogas-biomass/tanzania-power-generation-from-coconut-wood-residues-on-mafia-island/"]
[48,"Wattle wood, eucalyptus wood, pine waste","Wood processing residues",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Manufacturing","Wood","Njombe, Iringa Region","Tanzania","East Africa","Tanganyika Wattle Company (TANWAT)","Steam turbine from Triveni Turbines",null,"2.5 MWe","Operational","Tanwat is a 70 year old multi-activity that is Tanzania's largest industrial forest operation. Today, in addition to tannin extract in solid and powdered forms, TANWAT produces eucalyptus power poles, sawn pine timber and pine plywood from its own forest estate, which comprises 13,500 ha of wattle (50%), pine (35%) and eucalyptus (15%).\nIn 1995, growing internal demand for electricity and a large surplus of residues from its wood processing operations led the company to set up a 2.5 MW plant for the cogeneration of process heat and electricity. This plant was to be replaced in March 2021 with a new 2 MWe turbine and generator. This will provide up to 1.5 MW of power for the company’s own operations and the surplus of up 0.5 MW will be sold to the TANESCO grid. ","CDC (UK Commonwealth Development Corporation - now known as CDC Group, the UK's development finance institution).","http://ledoga.com/index.pl?pos=02.04;  http://www.euei-pdf.org/en/seads/policy-strategy-and-regulation/biomass-energy-strategy-best ; http://www.hedon.info/TANWATBiomassElectricityTanzania\nhttp://www.repic.ch/files/9213/7544/1756/SB_Ravi_Tansania.pdf\nhttps://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:352935/FULLTEXT01.pdf"]
[49,"Eucalyptus Plantations","Forest and plantation wood",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Manufacturing","Tea","Kericho","Kenya","East Africa","Finlays Tea","Steam turbine from US, switchgear & alternator from India",null,"700 kW","Abandoned/shut down","Overheated superheater and system broke, but planning to get it operational again. Runs at 70% efficiency, which is quite low","Finlay Tea/Swire"]
[50,"Wood chips","Wood processing residues",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Manufacturing","Paper","Mgololo, Mufindi District, Iringa Region","Tanzania","East Africa","Mufindi Paper Mills Ltd.","Not known",null,"10 MW","Operational","Mufindi paper mill has a demand for clean chips for paper production (from debarked wood) and regular chips for energy generation. A 10 MW steamturbine for generation of electricity and heat is in place and operational. The project was funded by a consortium of lenders, with the Wrold Bank taking the lead, with German KfW financing, Swedish Financing, among others. The project was delayed for 8 years from 1978 to commencement of operations in 1986. Produciton peaked in 1989. The bulk of the wood is provided by Sao Hills, which is now operated as a separate entity (Sao Hills Industires/SHI) which produces building poles, timber and industrial briquettes. ","World Bank, SIDA, KfW (Germany), Kuwait Fund, OPEC Fund","http://www.repic.ch/files/9213/7544/1756/SB_Ravi_Tansania.pdf"]
[51,"Oil palm","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Palm oil","Kwae and Okumaning, Eastern Region","Ghana","West Africa","GOPDC (part of Siat group, Belgium)","Vyncke (boiler), Dresser-Rand and Turbokraft (turbines)",null,"2.5MWe + 1.5MWe","Operational","In 2008/09 a 30 t/h Vyncke boiler and a 2.5 MW Dresser-Rand turbine replaced the original CHP system. In 2015, an additional 30 t/h Vickers boiler with a 1.5 MW Turbokraft turbine was added.  This CHP system generates electricity for internal use and low-pressure steam (up to 3.5 bar) for sterilising incoming FFB and providing heat to the oil pressing and clarification plants. ","GOPDC","http://www.afd.fr/webdav/site/afd/shared/PORTAILS/SECTEURS/ENERGIE/pdf/RECP-synthese-bioelectricite-2012.pdf (PDF NOT AVAILABLE ON THIS LINK)\nhttp://energycom.gov.gh/rett/documents-downloads?download=173:baseline-study-of-renewable-energy-technologies;\nhttp://www.gopdc-ltd.com/industrial-facilities/\n"]
[52,"Cattle dung","Livestock wastes",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Plug-flow","Trigeneration (electricity+heat+cooling)","Aggregated","Centralised","Farming","Farming","Dairy","Various","Zambia","Southern Africa","SNV","Simgas, Mueller BV and BoP Innovation Centre","Local with imported components","Modular system scalable from 2 to 25 m3.","Feasibility study","Part of a multi-country PPP to further the use of Biogas for Milk Chilling. SNV started working with financial institutions to support the possibility of developing financial products that can support farmers to procure bio-digesters and milk chillers; and partnered with the Dairy Association of Zambia and other players in the industry to promote the technology. However currently, SNV doesn’t have any project that have the capacity to generate electricity in the 10kWe to 5MWe. SNV Zambia is currently focused at building Bio digesters across the country. Phase 1 SNV has built 4800 biodisgters across the country and Phase 2 will involve value addition of the bio slurry from the digesters with focus of improving the slurry for agricultural use. ","SNV Zambia","http://www.snv.org/update/building-bio-digester-market-zambia\nhttps://simgas.org/projects/biogas-milk-chilling/\n\nhttps://snv.org/update/snv-launches-historic-biodigester-pilot"]
[53,"Phase 1: Sunflower waste\nPhase 2: +Cow Dung\nPhase 3: +Jatropha press cake","Livestock wastes","Agri-processing",null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Complete mix","Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Local cluster","Industry","Agro-food","Other oil","Nr. Chuma","Zambia","Southern Africa","BORDA (Bremen Overseas Research & Development Association), Germany","Southern BioPower Ltd","Local with imported components","50 to 200 to 1000 m3","Operational","The main purpose of Phase 1 was to familiarise the farm managers and personnel with biogas technology.  The gas is passed through a pipe network of about 170 m to serve two private kitchens and one community kitchen. The main consumer of the gas, however, is a dual-fuel Lister-Petter diesel generator which provides electricity for oil expellers for sunflower seeds and later jatropha","WASAZA/BORDA","http://www.borda-africa.org/news/newsdetails-borda-africa/article/wasazas-first-biogas-digester.html"]
[54,"Animal Waste and waste products, vegetable waste","Livestock wastes","Agri-processing",null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Complete mix","Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Food-processing","Abattoir","Springs, Gauteng","South Africa","Southern Africa","Morgan Abattoir","Biogas SA","South African","400 kW  ","Operational","BiogasSA managed to apply for and secure the Eskom SOP rebate for the Morgan Project, providing approximately 30% of the capex of the project.  This was the only biogas project in SA to qualify for the rebate, when it became available – unfortunately this was a pilot project for Eskom and they only made 20MW available. The  digesters are constructed using  Dutch patented pre-cast and post tensioned concrete panel tanks.  The digestate and mixing tanks were cast in-situ from concrete. The electricity and heat will aid in the cleaning and sterilising process supplying nearly 65% of the electricity and 90% of the hot water needs. Jan Du Preez was the primary local consultant that designed this plant.","Morgan Abattoir","http://www.africaoutlookmag.com/outlook-features/morgan-abattoir\nhttp://www.biogassa.co.za/index.php/sa-biogas-projects/commercial-biogas-plants"]
[55,"Pig and chicken manure","Livestock wastes",null,null,"AD+other secondary conversion tech","Unknown","Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Farming","Farming","Dairy",null,"South Africa","Southern Africa","Single Destination Engineering","Possibly Single Destination Engineering. Micro-turbine from Capstone.","South African","2 x 65 kW microturbines","Planned","Electricity for on farm use, cleaned and compressed gas for vehicles, waste heat for other heating/cooling applications. Gas engines have a poor step load capacity of approximately 10%. Micro-turbines operate at a higher frequency which is converted to grid frequency using a rectifier, battery and inverter. They are therefore able to handle step loads better than gas engines. The micro-turbines used also require no oil so require less maintenance.\n\n",null,"http://www.ee.co.za/wp-content/uploads/legacy/Energize_2013/08_ST_02_sde_biogas.pdf\nhttp://www.waste360.com/gas-energy/using-microturbines-turn-waste-gas-energy"]
[56,"Cattle dung","Livestock wastes",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Complete mix","Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Farming","Farming","Dairy","Dundee, KwaZulu-Natal","South Africa","Southern Africa","Maybole Farm with Dundee Biogas Power","Possibly Dundee Biogas Power","South African","2.2 MW","Planned","Up to 6 digesters and 6 gas generator units planned. This project was aimed to produce power into the main grid under REIPP but no bids were submitted as the special IPP rate for biogas was too low. Biogas IPP rates are not competitive with wind and solar.","CDM South Africa Projects?","http://cdm.unfccc.int/filestorage/7/u/KG1M94TCPARQIYH3ZWD6J2LXOF8E0S.pdf/8047-PDD-6%20Nov%2012.pdf?t=OTV8b21nM290fDDZpRYNhlNedTiBbXx2Px1c (LINK NOT WORKING)"]
[57,"Cattle dung (from feed lot) + potato waste (from potato packing facility)","Livestock wastes","Agri-processing residues  ",null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Unknown","Electricity","Aggregated","Local cluster","Industry","Agro-food","Mix","Nigel, Gauteng","South Africa","Southern Africa","Farmsecure Carbon & Manjoh Ranch",null,"South African","unknown","Planned","CDM project. Biogas will be used as a fuel in a renewable energy facility in order to achieve one of the following project activities:\na) Produce renewable thermal energy for on-site consumption or for consumption by other facilities.\nb) Supply to the grid or for captive use and renewable thermal energy for on-site consumption or for consumption by other facilities.\nc) Addition of renewable energy units at an existing renewable energy production facility","Joint venture between Farmsecure Carbon (Pty) Ltd  and the farm Manjoh Ranch (Pty) Ltd.CDM South Africa Projects?","http://www.energy.gov.za/files/esources/kyoto/PDD_Application_Form-%20Farmsecure%20-%20AD%20PoA.pdf"]
[58,"Wood residues","Wood harvesting residues",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity","Disaggregated","Grid export","Energy conversion","Grid","Electricity","George, Western Cape","South Africa","Southern Africa","Carbon & Environmental Options. Feedstock supply partner: Working for Water","Possibly MBHE",null,"8.8 MW","Abandoned/shut down","The wood waste applied was to come mainly from the Working for Water initiative, an NGO that works in conjunction with local communities to eradicate invasive alien biomass species in South Africa while developing sustainable local economies. The electricity generated was to be fed into the George local municipal grid. The equipment was stranded in the port after project was cancelled","CDM South Africa Projects?","https://cdm.unfccc.int/filestorage/F/5/H/F5HX1KRA96GMD287CZUEWY3LOTIVNS/Southern%20Cape%20PDD.pdf?t=Ylh8b21nZDVwfDDTuZL6ZRtq5_VcsiBaIyjI"]
[59,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal","South Africa","Southern Africa","Mpumalanga Cane Growers Association ","Not clear from available literature","South African","unknown","Feasibility study","This is a feasibility project where existing operations were to be transformed from only growing sugarcane into producing charcoal and bio-oil out of biomass that was previously handled as waste. The target was to produce charcoal and bio-oil for the retail market and electricity for own use.  ","EEP","http://eepafrica.org/portfolio-item/sa2059/ (LINK NOT WORKING)"]
[60,"Garden Waste","Municipal-byproducts",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Unknown","Electricity","Disaggregated","Grid export","Energy conversion","Grid","Electricity","eThekwini, Kwa-Zulu Natal","South Africa","Southern Africa","Ecovate","Possible Ecovate?","South African","2 MW","Abandoned/shut down","eThekwini Municipality  awarded Ecovate Pty Ltd with a 20 year contract to dispose of 40 000 tons of garden (green) waste per annum, with the possibility of expanding on the annual tonnages. Once dried, the project was meant to initially convert 32,500 t of dry garden waste (green waste) into biomass and then into electricity, at ca. 18,000 MWh p.a. DB. The project was however abandoned owing to corruption issues.","EEP","http://eepafrica.org/portfolio-item/sa9034/"]
[61,"Abattoir waste","Livestock wastes",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Complete mix","Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Food-processing","Abattoir","Kampala","Uganda","East Africa","Makerere University and City Abattoir Traders Development\nAssociation, Kampala, Uganda","Components locally sourced and assembled by Joseph Kyambadde, with gas blower imported from Italy.","Local with imported components","30 kWe (37.5 kVA)","Operational","The City Abattoir has no waste treatment facility. Solid wastes are transported to Kitezi landfill while about 400,000 l per day of liquid waste (mainly blood) are ejected into an open drain which eventually drains into Lake Victoria 5 km away. This represents a significant pollution issue and the pilot AD plant was designed not only to produce biogas to generate electricity, but also to clean up a portion of this waste. The plant is interesting for its use of locally-available equipment. For a total cost reportedly below USD 200,000, the system uses components bought entirely within Uganda, except for a gas blower imported from Italy. This demonstrates that a functioning anaerobic digester can be built in Sub-Saharan Africa using components that are available locally. The plant also demonstrates how biogas production can be integrated with a wastewater treatment system.The project inevitably faces significant sustainability challenges, given that it was built using donor funds and continues to rely on grants to pay staff and carry out maintenance. It is estimated that 50% feedstock not utilized. The project is considering potential for upscaling.","SIDA funded Swedish Bio-Innovate Fund (total reported cost of below USD 200,000)","https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/02/how-uganda-is-turning-waste-into-power/\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Soy2Mr6DiZs\nhttp://bioinnovate-africa.org/recycling-africas-agro-industrial-wastewaters-innovative-system-is-piloted-for-kampala-city-abattoir/"]
[62,"Mango, pineapple, papaya & coconut waste, palm kernel cake, poultry manure","Agri-processing residues  ","Livestock wastes",null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Complete mix","Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Fruit-processing","Adeiso","Ghana","West Africa","HPW Fresh and Dry","Designed and constructed by a Swiss technician (Markus Ottinger) using components from Europe and gas storage bags from China","Local with imported components","400 kWth (rated at 650kWth for natural gas; decommissioned engine was rated at 120 kVA / 96 kWe)","Operational","The biogas plant was built concurrently with the factory in 2011 to produce electricity and heat for the fruit processing and drying operation. The plant was designed to provide HPW with the following outputs:\n1. Heat for the fruit drying operation, to partly replace diesel consumption; \n2. Power for the factory’s electricity needs, to complement grid and solar power;\n3. Slurry to substitute for synthetic fertilizer on the company’s pineapple fields; and\n4. Reduced costs of waste disposal for the fruit residues.","initial investment was financed by HPW  and supported by a EUR 900,000 (USD 990,000) grant from the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs","http://www.hpwag.ch"]
[63,"Cattle feedlot manure and silage from plant nursery ","Livestock wastes","Crop-harvesting residues",null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Other","Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Farming","Farming","Meat","Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal","South Africa","Southern Africa","Sunshine Seedlings farm with Renen Renewable Energy Solutions","Renen, using own technology adapted from USA concept","South African","50 kWe /110 kWth","Under construction","Renen Renewable Energy Solutions is a South African company that was meant to install a biogas plant at the Sunshine Seedlings farm.  Sunshine Seedlings produces 60 million tree, vegetable and flower seedlings per year for the forestry and horticulture industries. Initially feedlot manure was used as the main feedstock with nursery waste but finally Abattoir waste (stomach content) was used which increased gas production. At this point they were able to run a 50 kW generator 3-4 hours per day The plant was expected to:\n• generate enriched organic fertilizer for the adjacent farm and external customers.\n• generate power for sale to the farm, which has a baseload of 55 kW;\n• supply heat for root zone heating in the farm nursery; and\n• supply pre-heated water seasonally (3-4 months/yr) to the boiler at the farm’s essential oil plant, to reduce demand for heavy fuel oil.\nCurrently the plant is not operational due to the cost of operation vs gas yield. ","Financed 35% by Renen and 65% by the Energy and Environment Partnership (EEP)"]
[64,"Municipal Solid Waste","Municipal-byproducts",null,null,"AD+other secondary conversion tech","Unknown",null,"Disaggregated","Local cluster","Industry","Unclear","Unclear","Adjen Kotoku, Greater Accra","Ghana","West Africa","Zoomilion Ghana Ltd., Composting of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Accra area","Not known","European","Unknown","Abandoned/shut down","ZoomLion Ghana LLtd composting of Municipal Solid Waste in Accra area aimed at improving waste management issues, through the development and operation of a Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) sorting and composting plant in Adjen Kotoku, Ghana. The organic fraction of the waste was to recovered into saleable compost for agricultural, horticultural and landscaping activities. Undertaken as a PPP under the Environmental Sanitation Policy promulgated in 1999, the project was meant to process 300 t/day of waste (before sorting) from Q3 2011, rising to 600 t after final ramp-up. Methane to be avoided by diverting its organic fraction, about two thirds of the waste, from anaerobic landfills where it would have been disposed in the absence of the Project activity.",null,"https://www.zoomlionghana.com/ ; https://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/DB/JCI1320034196.72/view ; https://zh-hk.facebook.com/ZoomlionLtd/videos/accra-compost-and-recycling-plant/271318743705213/ ; https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jre/2018/9737683/ ; "]
[65,"Pineapple waste","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion only",null,"Heat only","Aggregated","Local cluster","Buildings","Buildings","Commercial","Thika, Kiambu County","Kenya","East Africa","Global Supply Solutions Ltd. (Kenya) with Del Monte Kenya","C.F. Nielsen, Denmark",null,"50,000 t/yr","Operational","Global Supply Solutions teamed up with Del Monte Kenya Ltd (the world's largest commercial pineapple producer) to use pineapple residue (from trimmed leaves, replaced pineapple plant stock, production residues, etc.) to project high-quality bio-energy briquettes starting in late 2015. Global Supply Solutions targeted the industrial and large commercial (hotels, restaurants, etc.) from the onset. These consumers account for the biggest share of the company's market. GSS has been supported by the Finnish Government's EEP programme, in the beginning, by REEP, by the AECF, and now by Kenya's largest commercial industrial development financier, CDC. GSS has a supply agreement with Del Monte. ","Industrial and Commercial Development Corporation (ICDC) - KES 110 million (~USD1.1 million). GSS has had grant finance from EEP, REEP, and institutioal finance from the AECF (Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund),. Kenya Climate Challenge Fund (KCCF), ","https://globalsupply.co.ke/ \nhttps://www.freshdelmonte.com/our-company/business-divisions/operations-and-sales/europesub-saharan-africa-operations-and-sales/\n https://cfnielsen.com/"]
[66,"Floriculture residue","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion only",null,"Heat only","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Horticulture","Nanyuki","Kenya","East Africa","Tropical Power UK (for Biojoule Kenya);  in partnership with VP Farms (Roe farms), Liki River","Kalvis, Lithuania (https://www.kalvis.lt/en/home-en/ )",null,"500 kWth","Operational","The waste is burned to heat water, which is then used to heat greenhouses on the farm. With the environment kept at a steady 20ºC, plant quality and productivity are both improved. Feedstock includes discarded stems and leaves, as well as the woody material from uprooted plants at the end of their useful lives. By utilising this otherwise unusable plant material, the Liki River Farm facility saves 600 litres of diesel every day, substantially reducing carbon emissions and solving the problem of how to dispose of the plant waste itself. ","Financed by Biojoule , owned, by Tropical power and eventually sold to  Liki Farm. Tropical power is now contracted for O&M ","http://www.tropicalpower.com/projects/liki-river-farm-boiler-system/"]
[67,"Palm oil residues","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion only",null,"Heat only","Disaggregated","Centralised","Industry","Heavy industry","Cement","Ewekoro and Sagamu, Ogun State","Nigeria","West Africa","Lafarge Africa","Not known",null,"450MWth","Operational","In 2013, Lafarge Africa (through its waste-managment arm called Geocycle) began partially replacing fossil fuels with alternative fuels (primarily palm kernel shells and oil palm fruit fibre) at its cement production facilities at Ewekoro (lines I and II) and Sagamu. Both plants previously relied exclusively on fossil fuels, principally natural gas. Due to the unreliability of gas supplies, there was also significant consumption of fuel oil and coal as back-up energy sources. The introduction of AF, including biomass, has required new storage and handling facilities, and retrofits to the cement production lines for co-processing.  WAPCO is a “first-of-its-kind” project amongst cement manufacturing sector in Nigeria and across Africa. ","Lafarge Africa","https://www.cemfuels.com/news/item/2949-lafarge-africa-raises-alternative-fuels-capacities-at-nigerian-cement-plants; https://www.lafarge.com.ng/green-new-fuel;  https://www.lafarge.com.ng/sites/nigeria/files/atoms/files/lafarge_africa_sustainability_report_2017.pdf; "]
[68,"Agri (coffee husks) and wood processing industry residue (wood chips)","Agri-processing residues  ","Wood harvesting residues","Crop-harvesting residues","Combustion only",null,"Heat only","Disaggregated","Centralised","Industry","Heavy industry","Cement","Hima, Musongoro District","Uganda","East Africa","Hima Cement, Uganda","Not known",null,"Unknown","Operational","Hima Cement, Lafarge, Uganda, utilised charcoal (wood charcoal) sourced from central and western Kenya from 1962 until 1977 when Kenya outlawed the export of charcoal. The fossil fuels substitution rate at Hima Cement Ltd (HCL) is currently around 56% (Bamburi Cement, 2018) at its two plants in Kasese and Tororo, mainly from coffee husk, groundnut husks, rice husk, bagasse and sawdust. HCL has also established tree plantations for the supply of fuelwood for its kilns. In 2011, HCL, through Geocycle, started the Hima Coffee Development Project in Kasese and Kamwenge. Geocycle partnered with the Uganda Coffee Development Association and farmers’ associations in the areas around the two plants, to produce coffee seedlings for sale to farmers at one sixth of their normal price, together with a package of technical support . HCL distributed 16.7 million seedlings to 45,000 farmers between 2012 and 2015, with total resulting income expected to reach approximately GBP 40m by 2020. In addition to enhancing farmers’ livelihoods, the project was to help HCL to access renewable energy from coffee husk.","Lafarge Africa","https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/33180042-b8c1-4797-ac82-cd5167689d39/Alternative_Fuels_08+04.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=lT3Bm3Z; "]
[69,"Cotton wastes","Agri-processing residues  ","Crop-harvesting residues",null,"Combustion only",null,"Heat only","Disaggregated","Centralised","Industry","Manufacturing","Bottles","Mwanza","Tanzania","East Africa","Nyanza Bottling Company Ltd. (NBCL), Coca Cola Tanzania","Not known",null,"4.05 MWth","Operational","The project involved the installation of a biomass fired boiler at the NBCL bottling factory. The biomass boiler has a generation capacity of 6 tonnes steam per hour and is meant to meet existing as well as future steam demand on site. It replaces the current boiler on site that is fired with residual fuel oil (RFO) and which provides for a generation capacity of 4 tonnes steam per hour.  The technology comprises: 6 ton/hour biomass boiler; two furnaces, air pre-heater system for good combustion; mechanical dust collector to remove fly ash; 10 HP FD Fans; 30 HP FD Fan; two 7.5 HP feed water pumps and water storage; two safety valves and other auxiliary and control systems.","Cocal Cola Tanzania","http://www.ewwconsultancy.com/project/cdm-verification-nyanza-bottling-company"]
[70,"Forestry residue","Forest and plantation wood","Wood harvesting residues",null,"Combustion only",null,"Heat only","Disaggregated","Centralised","Industry","Heavy industry","Cement","Oromiya, Tigray & Dire Dawa Regions","Ethiopia","East Africa","Ethiopia Cement Association - Joint Venture of 8-10 cement companies","Not known",null,"Unknown","Planned","Several Ethiopian cement companies have opportunistically used biomass to substitute for coal and HFO (heavy fuel oil). The Ethiopia Cement Association (ECA) was founded in 2014 under the Ministry of Industry, but, as a totally private entity. basis. The Ethiopia Cement Association, representing 14 producers, has completed a major feasibility study to harvest invasive Prosopis juliflora (‘mesquite’) in the Afar Region and transport the wood chips by rail for co-processing with fossil fuels in eight of the largest cement facilities.","Ethiopia Cement Association","http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/pt/341921517381847531/pdf/123074-WP-ET-Ethiopia-Alternative-Fuels-HI-PUBLIC.pdf"]
[71,"Faecal sludge","Municipal-byproducts",null,null,"AD only","Complete mix","Electricity","Disaggregated","Centralised","Buildings","Buildings","Water treatment","Nsawam-Adoagyiri, Eastern Region","Ghana","West Africa","MDF Global, MDF West Africa, GC International, J. Stanley-Owusu & Co,  Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studiesm Nsawam-Adoagyiri Municipal Assembly (MA), Ga Central MA, Ga West MA","Nujhuis Industries (Netherlands)","European","Unknown","Planned","This is a follow-on from the Safi Sana plant at Ashaiman in Greater Accra, with the same Dutch funding and the same tech supplier. It is known as the 'Special Treat Project'. Nijhuis will design, build, operate and maintain the three wastewater treatment plants in the period between 2015 to the end of 2019. The water will be used for agricultural applications and the sludges will be used for biogas production in locally built digesters. The digested sludge will be composted and sold as fertilizer. The treated water will be applied for agricultural and industrial use. The Special Treat Project is offering a three step integrated wastewater value chain consisting of a filtration step, physical / chemical treatment and biological treatment by double SBR. The prison and public toilet blocks will provide the faecal sludge and will mix with faecal sludge from households, hotels and enclosed compounds and be collected by trucks. The aim of the project is to divert the sludge, which is currently discharged into the sea at Lavender Hill, to three different treatment locations securing a healthier and safer environment. The project aims at significantly improving the living conditions of 300,000 people in and environment of the Municipal Assemblies of Nsawam-Adoagyiri, GA Central and GA West. ","Dutch-funded Ghana Wash Window (GWW): €6,654,000 (GWW contribution = €4,637,800).","https://www.greenenergyghana.com/about-the-project\nhttps://www.greenenergyghana.com/news\nhttps://www.rvo.nl/subsidies-regelingen/projecten/special-treat-project\nhttps://www.gc-bv.com/waste-to-value\nhttps://www.nijhuisindustries.com/references/3-step-integrated-wastewater-value-chain/"]
[72,"Oil palm","Agri-processing residues  ","Crop-harvesting residues",null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Palm oil","Adum Banso Estate, Takoradi","Ghana","West Africa","Benso Oil Palm Plantation (BOPP)","Boiler (from Boilermech, Malaysia), turbine (Shinko)",null,"1.5MWe","Operational","Benso Oil Palm Plantation Ltd (BOPP) is a Ghana-based company engaged in the processing of palm fruits to produce palm oil and palm kernel oil. It is a subsidiary of Wilmar Africa Limited. The company has a nucleus planted area of about 6799 ha. BOPP operates a biomass-fired cogeneration plant. Palm kernel shell and fruit fibre are fired in a BHP system to generate heat and power to meet the factory's energy requirements. In 1992, a Mechmar boiler was purchased with the turbines from Malaysia generating 30 t/hr of superheated steam at a pressure of around 18 bar. Between 1992 and 2015, the milling capacity increased to 20 t/h and then 30 t/h given they were able to also procure from nearby farmers/smaller plantations in their catchment area . This resulted in higher demand for power.  A new 1 MW turbine and boiler were therefore acquired at a cost of about US$ 1 million. ","Self finance","http://energycom.gov.gh/rett/documents-downloads?download=173:baseline-study-of-renewable-energy-technologies"]
[73,"Oil palm","Agri-processing residues  ","Crop-harvesting residues",null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Palm oil","Twifo Ntafrewaso, Central Region","Ghana","West Africa","Twifo Oil Palm Plantation (TOPP)",null,null,"1500kVA/1200kW","Operational"," The company has a Nucleus planted area of 4234 ha. The Government of Ghana has about 80% shares in the company. TOPP produces crude palm oil and palm kernel oil.  TOPP operates a biomass fired co-generation plant. Palm kernel shell and fruit fibre are burnt in a 15 tonnes/hr boiler to generate steam. Steam generated runs a 1500kVA/1200kW turbine to generate power for the plant. The turbine utilises just about 50% of the generator capacity (currently generates 610kW).","Self finance","http://energycom.gov.gh/rett/documents-downloads?download=173:baseline-study-of-renewable-energy-technologies"]
[74,"Oil palm","Agri-processing residues  ","Crop-harvesting residues",null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Palm oil","Juaben Municipality Ashanti Region","Ghana","West Africa","Juaben Oil Mills","Boiler (from Vyncke), turbine (not known)",null,"626 kVA","Operational","Juaben Oil Mills is a privately wholly-owned Ghanaian company established in 1981 and currently operates a 15 tonne/hour palm oil mill, 40 tonne/day palm kernel oil mill, 50 tonne/day palm oil refinery and fractionation plant and a nucleus of 425 hectares and 1000 hectare outgrower  plantation. Waste products of palm fibre/shells and spent bunches are used to run a 10 tonne/hr boiler and 626 kVA turbine","Self finance","http://energycom.gov.gh/rett/documents-downloads?download=173:baseline-study-of-renewable-energy-technologies"]
[75,"Oil palm","Agri-processing residues  ","Crop-harvesting residues",null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Palm oil","Juaben Municipality Ashanti Region","Ghana","West Africa","Norpalm Ghana Ltd. (NGL)","Boiler (from Boilermech, Malaysia), turbine (from USA), generator (from Italy) and gearbox (from Taiwan). ",null,"1MWe","Operational","Norpalm Ghana Limited has a 4300 ha plantation size with 117,000t of palm fruit annual production in 2019. Palm fruit fibre is combusted at Norpalm to generate steam and drive a  turbine to produce heat and power. 50-70% of electricity energy demand at Norpalm is met from CHP. Boiler uses 80% fibre and 20% shell. ","Self finance","http://energycom.gov.gh/rett/documents-downloads?download=173:baseline-study-of-renewable-energy-technologies"]
[76,"Cattle dung","Livestock wastes",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Unknown","Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Farming","Farming","Dairy","Sululta (Kore Roba), Oromia Region","Ethiopia","East Africa","Melkam Endale Dairy Farm","Gas engine - Puxin, China","Local with imported components","10 kW","Under construction","SNV Ethiopia in partnership with the Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy has been implementing the Ethiopian National Biogas Program since 2009. This program focuses only on domestic biodigesters.  SNV started a new program to promote institutional size anaerobic digesters for commercial and institutional applications to supply either electricity, heat or CHP. This is a pilot program planned for 3 years (2018 to 2020). It aims to get 40 institutional size biodigesters with capacities ranging from 30 to 80 cbm built in the country. The dairy farm is connected to the grid. The primary purpose of the AD project is farm waste management . Currently the farm process 15,000 litres of milk a day. It has a cold storage unit. The size of the digester is 80 cubic meter. It produces 36 cubic meter of gas per day. It also has an external gas storage which is made from plastic bag with a capacity of 36 cubic metres. A gas engine is under procurement from a supplier in China known as Puxin.  ","The private farm and program run by SNV Ethiopia"]
[77,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Mahonda, Zanzibar","Tanzania","East Africa","Zanzibar sugar factory, Export Trading Group",null,null,"1MWe","Operational","The factory was bought by Export Trading Group, a private company based in Dar es salaam. Around 2015-16, the company did major rehabilitation and overhaul of the factory including expanding the sugar estates. The factory has installed capacity of 1MW Cogen-turbine which supplies internal energy demand. The owners seem to have little interest on the new co-gen project (4MW) due to financial constrains as they already invested heavily in factory rehabilitation. The feasibility study for the proposed 4MW plant was supported by UNIDO.","Self finance"]
[78,"Municipal waste","Municipal-byproducts",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Grid Export","Energy conversion","Grid","Electricity","Mtoni landfill, Dar es salaam","Tanzania","East Africa","Dar es salaam city council",null,null,"1MWe","Abandoned/shut down","The project never materialised, only flaring the gas."]
[79,"Bagasse","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Sugar","Dabalo village, Chamwino, Dodoma","Tanzania","East Africa","Satish sugar factory/ Satish Industries (T) Ltd",null,null,"750kWe","Planned","The sugar processing project is planned in Dodoma region. The project developer (PITL) has completed all the formalities and received all the permissions to execute the project. PITL has also signed the Tripartite MOU with Sugar Board of Tanzania, District Council of Chamwino on behalf of Out-growers and the company (PITL). In addition to sugar factory, PITL is setting up the Ethanol factory from Molasses as well. The company will complete the EPC of Phase 1 & 2 March 2020 and Phase 3 till April 2020. After, March 2020, the dry, hydraulic and Commercial Trials will start."]
[80,"Sisal Wastes","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Unknown","Electricity","Aggregated","Grid Export","Energy conversion","Grid","Electricity","Tanga and Kilimanjaro","Tanzania","East Africa","Sisal estates owned by Mohammed Enterprises Limited (MeTL)",null,"Local with imported components","1.238 MWe","Planned","MeTL planned to implement biogas-based power generation in its four sisal estates located in Tanga and Kilimanjaro region. The planned power would have been connected to the TANESCO grid. However, the company has put the plan on hold to power project due to uncertainty on arrangements with the off-taker. The utility isn’t receptive to small power producers for connecting electricity to the grid; being the only off-taker, this reduces the appetite for most of small power private investors."]
[81,"Wastes from Avocado processing","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Complete mix","Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Avocado","Njombe","Tanzania","East Africa","Olivado",null,"Local with imported components","300kWe","Status unclear","Growers of avocados, primarily aim to use the power for their own consumption. They are now soliciting financing from various sources. They have approached UNIDO for possible financing under the GEF waste to energy project in Tanzania."]
[82,"Cattle dung","Livestock wastes",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Plug-flow","Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Farming","Farming","Dairy","Various","Kenya","East Africa","Sistema Biobolsa","Sistema Biobolsa","Local with imported components","4-40m3 in liquid phase","Operational","Sistema.bio is a ontinuous flow, tubular, prefabricated, modular, biodigester package that includes a full suite of biogas appliances and connections. Included as it is a grantee funded by Shell Foundation under the TEA programme. \nBiogas uses: depending on the size of the Biobolsa and the amount of biogas produced:\nTo cook at family level\nTo heat water for productive uses or in the bathroom\nSmall-scale industrial processing of agricultural products such as the elaboration of cheese, yogurt, fruits in syrup, etc.\nTo generate electric and mechanic electricity through the adaptation of small motors (up to 10 kW) to pump water, create void before milking, chop food, etc.","Shell Foundation and various our donor agencies","https://sistema.bio/in/about-sistema-bio/"]
[83,"Not specified","Agri-processing residues  ","Crop-harvesting residues",null,"AD only","Plug-flow","Heat only","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Unclear","Various","Kenya","East Africa","Amiran (Balton CP)","Home Biogas (https://www.homebiogas.com/)","Local with imported components","40m3","Abandoned/shut down","Since January, Shell Foundation (under TIME) have been funding Project Madaraka at Amiran Kenya. This is a new Asset finance unit providing agricultural products on extended credit terms to Amiran Kenya customers. Amiran Kenya is a 50 year old distributor of agricultural products (across leading manufacturers of equipment and consumables with a focus on crop value chains) and has sister companies in 7 other countries in Africa. The parent company (Balton CP) is based in the UK and is owned by a British family.\nIn the bio energy space Amiran piloted larger scale digesters (40m3 installation) manufactured by homebiogas. They  are their exclusive distributor in Kenya and are also selling their domestic scale units (currently 2m3 and launching 7m3 at the end of 2019).  ","Shell Foundation   ","https://www.baltoncp.com/amirankenya/agribusiness/home-biogas/#"]
[84,"Waste apple pomace and abattoir waste","Agri-processing residues  ","Livestock wastes",null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Unknown","Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Fruit-processing","Grabouw, Western Cape","South Africa","Southern Africa","Elgin Fruit Juices (subsidiary of the Two-a-Day Group). Initially self-managed. Later managed by GCX Africa.","Biogas Nord designed the plant but the owner built it themselves. But other URL (on IBERT website) says it was developed by Beckedorf BioEnergy GmbH.","South African","527 kWe","Operational","The project was originally designed as a solids digester for apple pomace residues and to generate biogas for creating heat and power in the juice making facility (original capacity 600 kW)","ZAR 20 million, self-financed","https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/11/2984/pdf\nhttp://www.ibert.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/GreenCape-Biogas-Business-Case-Final-v12-with-cover2.pdf"]
[85,"Waste water from food processing","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Other","Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Alcohol","Springs, Gauteng","South Africa","Southern Africa","Distell Springs, Tecroveer","Tecroveer","South African","0.5 MW","Operational","This project utilises a suspended upflow fixed bed type digester technology from the Netherlands and produces biogas from high COD waste water from Distell (Savannah cider). The water is treated further in a closed loop system and given back to Distell.","Metier and tecroveer","https://www.distell.co.za/Knowledge/pkViewDocument.aspx?docid=1217"]
[86,"Municipal Waste Water","Municipal-byproducts",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Unknown","Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Buildings","Buildings","Water treatment","Johannesburg, Gauteng","South Africa","Southern Africa","Johannesburg Water","WEC projects","South African","600 kW","Operational","The 3 Guascor engines on this project have a very low utilisation rate. The project initially aimed to increase prodution to 4.5 MWe but after not attaining the initial targets this seems unlikely. The waste water treated at the Northern Waste Water Treatment Works is 430 Million litres per day. The project upgraded 4 existing digesters on the municipality side and including the upgrades the total project cost was 36 million ZAR.","GEF","https://mg.co.za/article/2019-06-14-00-jozis-biogas-plant-goes-to-waste\nhttp://www.cityenergy.org.za/uploads/resource_336.pdf"]
[87,"Wattle wood, eucalyptus wood, pines waste","Forest and plantation wood","Wood harvesting residues",null,"Combustion only",null,"Heat only","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Manufacturing","Wood","Mafinga, Iringa Region","Tanzania","East Africa","Sao Hill Industries Ltd (SHI) is a subsidiary of Green Resources AS (GRAS) of Norway.",null,null,"Unknown","Operational","Sao Hills Industries (SHI) was originally established with World Bank/IDA funds as a major pine plantation both to serve the proposed Mufindi Pulp and Paper Project (also funded by the Wrold Bank) nearby. It was bought out by the Norwegian Group \"Green Resources AS (GRAS)\" in 2008, completely rehalitated and now operates the largest sawmill in East Africa. GRAS have plantations & operations in Tanzania, Uganda and Mozambique. They produce high grade timber for local use and export, building and electric poles, high grade timber for pallets and doors, industrial-grade charcoal, briquettes and wood chips (for Mufindi Paper). It uses sawmill wastes to generate heat for wood drying","Originally Norwegian Aid (NORAD), now 100% privately financed by GRAS & consortium of investors. ","https://dailynews.co.tz/news/2019-03-035c7bbe8507c30.aspx"]
[88,"Waste water","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Unknown","Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Alcohol","Worcester, Western Cape","South Africa","Southern Africa","Distell Worcester, Tecroveer","Tecroveer/Anaergia","South African","2 MW","Under construction","This project aims to process waste water and solid waste from distilleries in Worcester. Brenerchem is a processing plant next to Distell that is also supplying their waste for digestion. The biogas will initially be burnt in a boiler and then processed for either upgrading to biomethane or CHP for power production ","Metier, Anaergia and tecroveer","https://www.distell.co.za/Knowledge/pkViewDocument.aspx?docid=1217"]
[89,"Sawdust, bark and wood waste","Wood processing residues",null,null,"Combustion+Steam turbine",null,"Electricity","Aggregated","Grid Export","Energy conversion","Grid","Electricity","Ngodwana, Mpumalanga","South Africa","Southern Africa","Sappi ","KC Kottrel (Korea)- ELB (EPC)",null,"25 MW","Under construction","This project is currently the only REIPP biomass power project. It is still under construction and will utilise a moving grate boiler from Korea with a steam turbine to produce 25 Mwe at the Ngodwana Sappi paper mill. ","30% owned by Sappi","http://m.engineeringnews.co.za/article/elb-pours-first-concrete-at-ngodwana-biomass-power-project-2019-07-01"]
[90,"Abattoir waste","Livestock wastes",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Complete mix","Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Food-processing","Abattoir","Cullinan, Gauteng","South Africa","Southern Africa","Cavalier Abattoir / Ibert","Ibert","South African","Phase 1 2016 135 kWe\nPhase 2 2017 210 kWe","Abandoned/shut down","This is a CSTR biogas type plant that utilises red meat abattoir waste. 3 x 500 m3 digesters and an expected output of 345 kWe. Phase 1 (from IBERT website): mixing pit 100 cbm with chopper pump w/ cutting blades, mixer, shredder, cooker & mechanical screen. 500 cbm double chamber digester, 500 cbm storage tank w/ gas holder, gas line w/ gas cooling system, Technic container w/ hot water manifold, CHP and electrical room. Phase 2 (from IBERT website): Additional(?) 500 cbm double chamber digester with additional gas line, gas cooling system and CHP unit. This project was bought over by the technology company and there has been contractual disputes around performance resulting in non-functioning of the project.","Mergence ","https://www.crses.sun.ac.za/media/uploads/1809_su_biogas-sustainablelolution_hunterlechner-5bc464a4767d4.pdf\nhttp://www.ibert.co.za/reference/cavalier-abattoir-phase-1-cullinan/\nhttp://www.ibert.co.za/reference/cavalier-abattoir-phase-2-cullinan/"]
[91,"Cheese production plant waste (waste water from food processing)","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Complete mix","Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Cheese","Durbanville, Cape Town, Western Cape","South Africa","Southern Africa","Zandam / Ibert","Ibert","South African","75 kWe","Status unclear","This project utilises piggery manure effluent from Zandam Piggery and Cheese manufacturing plant. It produces 75 kW of electricity. 50 Kwe generation capacity is for peak load saving. Digester capacity is 500 m3 and gas storage tank 200 cbm. The electricity generated is used in the cheese facility for purposes such as refrigeration, chilling, lighting, driving motors and air compression. Similarly, the heat generated by the CHP is used for pre-heating water used in the operations, e.g. for pasteurisation, steam production, hot water supply and cleaning.","Mergence financed Cavalier as Mezzanine debt (Quasi Equity). Farmer investment in civil works and Ibert invested in CHP","http://www.ibert.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Zandam-CS-v3-Page-by-page.pdf\nhttp://www.ibert.co.za/reference/zandam/\nhttp://www.ibert.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/GreenCape-Biogas-Business-Case-Final-v12-with-cover2.pdf"]
[92,"Abattoir waste","Livestock wastes",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Complete mix","Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Food-processing","Abattoir","Jan Kempdorp, North West","South Africa","Southern Africa","Meat to Market (M2M)/ Ibert","Ibert","South African","135 kWe","Abandoned/shut down","Aimed to produce heat and power from red meat abattoir waste. 600m3 CSTR with 135 Kwe CHP. The digester failed due to high nitrogen loading, sporradic feeding, and gas holder rupture, stirrer failures.","Mergence","https://www.crses.sun.ac.za/media/uploads/1809_su_biogas-sustainablelolution_hunterlechner-5bc464a4767d4.pdf\nhttp://www.ibert.co.za/reference/m2m-abattoir-jan-kempdorp/"]
[93,"Pig manure","Livestock wastes",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Complete mix","Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Farming","Farming","Meat","Queenstown Eastern Cape","South Africa","Southern Africa","Peninsular Farm/Ibert","Ibert","South African","190 kWe + 235 kWth","Status unclear",null,null,"http://www.ibert.co.za/reference/2-piggery-queenstown/"]
[94,"Sheep wastes","Livestock wastes",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Complete mix","Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Food-processing","Abattoir","Riversdale, Western Cape","South Africa","Southern Africa","Hessequa Abattoir/Ibert","Ibert","South African","50 kWe","Status unclear","400 cbm double chamber digester and 400 cbm gas storage tank.",null,"http://www.ibert.co.za/reference/hessequa-abattoir-riversdale/"]
[95,"Food wastes","Municipal-byproducts",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Unknown","Electricity+Heat","Aggregated","Centralised","Buildings","Buildings","Commercial","Table View, Cape Town","South Africa","Southern Africa","JG Afrika, WEC Projects (EPC) and Biogas SA, for Bayside Mall","Biogas SA","South African","13 kWe + 18 kWth","Abandoned/shut down","Bayside Mall is a large shopping mall in Cape Town with over 100 commercial tenants and 8 million visitors annually. The mall has significant water and energy requirements, which motivated the implementation of several sustainability measures, one of which was a biogas installation. Mixed organic waste was collected daily from retailers and the mall common areas. The waste  was sorted by hand, macerated and blended with water before being fed into the digester. The energy generated from the biogas was used to reduce grid purchases, saving about 590 kWh/day and about 215,000 kWh/yr. Assuming an electricity price of R1.47/kWh16, savings for energy consumption was estimated at R316,000/yr. Bayside Mall’s electricity costs are approximately R10 million/yr (Vice, 2016). Thus, energy savings could be ~13%. However, the scale was not large enough to make this economically feasible and thus there was an unfavourable cost-benefit ratio. The plant was de-commissioned in 2016 due to costs being too high. ",null,"http://www.ibert.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/GreenCape-Biogas-Business-Case-Final-v12-with-cover2.pdf"]
[96,"Biomass briquettes and agri-processing residues (such as macadamia nut, cashew nut, rice husk residues etc)","Agri-processing residues  ","Wood processing residues",null,"Combustion only",null,"Heat only","Disaggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Tea","Makomboki, Kigumo Division, Muranga South District","Kenya","East Africa","Makomboki Tea Factory. Kenya Tea Development Agency (KTDA)","Thermax",null,"2 x 2 MWth","Operational","Makomboki Tea Factory was commissioned in 1981. It has some 5100 smallholder tea farmers who hold majority shares in the factory, and who farm approximately 1,700 ha of smallholder tea. Makomboki has been involved in the trialling of alternative fuels for its tea processing. One of these alternatives has been briquettes, made by compacting dry organic residues into densified logs. Makomboki initially piloted its own briquette production at the factory site. Despite the promising start, the initiative encountered technical challenges. The factory has since reverted to fuelwood plus supplementary briquettes (and sometimes macadamia nut shells), which are now purchased occasionally from outside suppliers.","Kenya Commercial Bank, KTDA finance for boiler upgrade. Norwegian & Danish Governments & Fairtrade & ITC for briquetting.","info@makomboki.ktdateas.com; http://www.fairtrade.org.uk/Media-Centre/Blog/2020/January/10-Fairtrade-products-you-didnt-realise-were-vegan; https://www.ktdateas.com/index.php/factories-regions/252-makomboki-tea-factory-company-limited.html; "]
[97,"Elephant grass","Purpose grown/novel feedstocks",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Unknown","Electricity","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Unclear","Kasanda","Uganda","East Africa","Not known","Not known","Local with imported components","15 Kwe","Abandoned/shut down","200 m3 digester, 15 kW biogas generator. The project was based on elephant grass feedstock to generate gas and charge batteries for thermal pupose for energy. Due to unsutauinable feed supply the project was halted."]
[98,"Hyacinth, fish waste and human waste","Purpose grown/novel feedstocks","Municipal-byproducts",null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Unknown","Electricity","Aggregated","Local Cluster","Buildings","Buildings","Residential","Kayei fishing village is situated at the shore of Lake Kyoga, Apac","Uganda","East Africa","Kayei Fishing Village Land board","Shenzen Puxin Company Ltd","Local with imported components","10 kWe","Planned","Private public partnership, the Kayei Fishing Village Land board, donated land (5 acres), owns facility, collects resources that accrue from the utilization of the electricity. Rural Electrification Agency (REA) to carry out  electrification throughout the village. MEMD provides technical assistance, coordinates and oversees the implementation of the project. Gas produced is planned for thermal purpose. Project includes 2kw cooling plant. Like other Hyacinth based feedstock, this project has a challenge of the waste collection. In addition, the national grid has reached the area.","The World Bank USD 150,000, Apac local government co- financing"]
[99,"Waste water","Municipal-byproducts",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Unknown","Electricity","Aggregated","Local Cluster","Buildings","Buildings","Residential","Unknown loaction","South Africa","Southern Africa","2 sites of an undisclosed manufacturer of fast-moving consumer goods","Talbot & Talbot","Local with imported components","3.3 Mwe from 2 plants","Feasibility study","Feasibility study co-financed by EEP that aims to bring stand-alone, off-grid wastewater-to-energy plants to financial close at 2 sites of a fast-moving consumer goods manufacturer (company name not disclosed). The host company will supply the wastewater and be the off-taker under a build-own-operate-transfer (BOOT) model. The combination of proposed technologies (AD, membrane bioreactor and reverse osmosis) is highly innovative in the FMCG sector and offers the opportunity to generate biogas energy and recover water. With EEP Africa financing, Talbot & Talbot will conduct a bankable feasibility study and development process to reach financial close for two wastewater treatment and energy generation plants. Once implemented, the two plants will add 3.3 MW renewable energy generation capacity, resulting in 4,186 t in avoided CO2e emissions and over 850 million litres of recovered water per year.","EUR 239,524 grant from EEP out of total study cost of EUR 364,295 (i.e. 66%)","https://eepafrica.org/Portfolio/talbotandtalbot/"]
[100,"Restaurant waste","Municipal-byproducts",null,null,"AD+Reciprocating Engine","Complete mix","Electricity","Aggregated","Local Cluster","Buildings","Buildings","Residential","N1 City Mall, Cape Town","South Africa","Southern Africa","The Waste Transformers (Netherlands) & Growthpoint (S Africa)","The Waste Transformers","Local with imported components","unclear","Operational","The city of Cape Town plans to ban all wet waste from its landfills from 2022.  A containerized AD system has been installed at the shopping mall to use restaurant waste to produce green electricity and hot water for use within the shopping Centre. In addition a fertilizer is created, which will be used in the mall gardens. The Waste Transformers are a waste solution provider while Growthpoint is South Africa’s largest listed real-estate investment trust.","Part-financed by EEP. Cost unavailable.","https://www.n1citymall.co.za/privacy-policy/160-n1-city-mall-articles-and-blog/1155-waste-transformers-launches-at-n1-city-mall\nhttp://www.thewastetransformers.com/projects-development/n1citymall/"]
[101,"Carrot pulp and pumpkin pulp","Agri-processing residues  ",null,null,"AD only",null,"Heat only","Aggregated","Centralised","Industry","Agro-food","Carrot processing","Tartlton, Gauteng","South Africa","Southern Africa","Rugani Carrots factory","Zorg Biogas, Germany","European","1 MW (2 x 4,000 m3 digesters)","Operational","Zorg Biogas implemented a biogas plant for Rugani Carrots, South Africa. The plant produces carrots for supermarkets, carrot and pumpkin juice, and baby food. Waste from the plant production is vegetable pulp and peelings. These are processed into biogas which replaces the liquefied gas in the factory boiler. ",null,"https://zorg-biogas.com/industry-solutions/juice-plants"]